adverbial clause

Pengertian Adverb Clause

Adverb Clause
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.

Contoh:
* Shut the door before you go out.
* You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
* While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
* By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
* No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:
* They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
* The guard stood where he was positioned.
* Where there is a will, there is a way.
* Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
* Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:
* As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
* Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
* Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
* He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:
* He did as I told him.
* You may finish it how you like.
* They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Contoh:
* They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
* She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
* He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
* I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:
* Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
* It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
* The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
* The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

Contoh:
* The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
* I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Contoh:
* He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
* The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Contoh:
* It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors atau It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
* It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down atau It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Contoh:
* She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
* They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
* Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
* This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll.

Contoh:
* Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home because of the cold weather)
* Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the cold weather)
* Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
* Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
* Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
* As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
* Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
* Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
* Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
* Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Catatan:
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:

1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).

Contoh:
a. Adverb Clause : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. Modifying Phrase : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

Contoh:
a. Adverb Clause : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. Modifying Phrase : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. Dapat Berubah
* While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
* While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
* Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. Tidak dapat Dirubah
* While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
* While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

Contoh:
* If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
* She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
* Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
* In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
* The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
* We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

Fungsi Adverbial Clause

Fungsi Adverbial Clause sama dengan Adverbs, artinya adverbial clause berfungsi untuk menjelaskan kata kerja, kata sifat, dan kata keterangan itu sendiri. Namun adverbial clause tidaklah menjelaskan kata benda.Contoh:

	Kalimat	Spesifikasi	Fungsi
1	They will get up when you make a noise. (Mereka akan bangun ketika kamu membuat kegaduhan)	verb: get up adverbial clause: when you make a noise	menjelaskan kata kerja
2	She is beautiful when she is wearing this dress. (Dia cantik ketika dia mengenakan gaun ini.)	adjective: beautiful adverbial clause: when she is wearing this dress	menjelaskan kata sifat
3	My dog can move fast because I give many foods. (Anjing saya dapat bergerak cepat karena saya berikan banyak makanan.)	adverb: fast adverbial clause: because I give many foods.	menjelaskan kata keterangan

Macam dan Contoh Adverbial Clause dalam Kalimat

Macam-macam Adverbial clause,conjunction yang digunakan, serta contoh kalimatnya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Tipe Adverbial Clause	Conjunction	Contoh Adverbial Clause dalam Kalimat
Time (waktu)	after, as, as long as, as soon as, at last, before, by the time, during, everytime, no, once, since, then, till, until, when, whenever, while	After I changed the APN name, I unpluged my modem and waited for 5 minutes. (Setelah saya merubah nama APN, saya mencabut modem dan menunggu selama 5 menit.)
		She was cleaning the kitchen when she found so much expired food. (Dia sedang membersihkan dapur ketika dia menemukan begitu banyak makanan kadaluarsa.)
		While he was studying in my room, he didn’t let someone else to disturb. (Ketika dia sedang belajar di ruangan, dia tidak membiarkan orang lain mengganggu.)
Place (tempat)	anywhere, everywhere, now where, where, wherever	She will visit a city where her old friend lives now. (Dia akan mengunjungi kota dimana teman lamanya tinggal sekarang.)
Contrast (pertentangan)	although, as the time, but, even if, even though, on the other hand, still, though, whereas, while, yet	Although many friends confronted her ambition, Yuli went forward such a tank. (Meskipun banyak teman menentang ambisinya, Yuli maju terus seperti tank)
		Though she is annoyed, she tries to think positively. (Meskipun dia jengkel, dia mencoba untuk berpikir positif.)
Cause & Effect (Sebab Akibat)	as, as long as, because, due to the fact that, how, inasmuch as, since, so..that, such..that, that	Because he had free time during last holiday, he rearranged her house. (Karena dia punya waktu luang selama liburan lalu, dia menata ulang rumahnya.)
Reason (tujuan)	in case, in order that, in the hope that, least, so that, to the end that	His wife cooks by herself in order that her family gets the best nutrition. (Istrinya memasak sendiri dengan tujuan keluarganya mendapatkan gizi terbaik.)
		Ria drove fast so that he could arrived on time. (Ria mengemudi dengan cepat agar dia dapat tiba tepat waktu.)
Condition (syarat)	as long as/in so far as, even if, if, if..not, in case (that), in the event that, on condition that, only if, otherwise, provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing that, unless, whether or not	I’ll come to the party only if you accompany me. (Saya akan datang ke pesta hanya jika kamu menemani.)
		As long as you follow the traffic regulation, you won’t be ticketed. (Jika kamu menikuti peraturan lalu lintas, kamu tidak akan ditilang.)
		Unless the TV viewers gave her donations, he would not be able to buy gold, rice field, and house . (Jika pemirsa TV tidak memberikan dia sumbangan, dia tidak akan dapat membeli emas, sawah, dan rumah.)
		Do not forget to bring your boots, otherwise your feets will probably blister. (Jangan lupa untuk membawa sepatu bot-mu, jika tidak kakimu mungkin akan lecet.)
Manner (cara)	as, how, in that, the way	I wonder how I learn grammar uneffectively for almost fifteen years. (Saya membayangkan bagaimana saya mempelajari grammar dengan tidak efektif selama hampir lima belas tahun.)
		We sometimes do not realize the way God help us. (Kita kadang tidak menyadari cara Tuhan menolong kita.)